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Metadata: 2023, APEM, POSEIDON, North Sea Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys
Abstract:
This series includes the reporting and data deliverables for four year one seasonal aerial surveys of seabirds and marine mammals under the POSEIDON project. POSEIDON is a multi-year, multi-partner project funded through The Crown Estate OWEC programme and led by Natural England. The series constitutes: First seasonal (October to December 2022) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in January 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across three days in January 2023 with no safety issues. Due to weather delays, it was not possible to carry out the survey by the end of December 2022. A total of 3,634 observations were recorded during the survey in January 2023, of which 3,835 were observations of birds and 81 observations of marine megafauna. Second seasonal (January to March 2023) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in February 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across two days in February 2023 with no safety issues. A total of 7,986 observations were recorded during the survey in February 2023, of which 7,795 were observations of birds and 191 observations of marine megafauna. Third seasonal (April to June 2023) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in May 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across two days in May 2023, the final 2 nm of line 4 were aborted due to safety concerns over low clouds. A total of 6,995 observations were recorded during the survey in May 2023, of which 6,105 were observations of birds and 890 observations of marine megafauna. Fourth seasonal (July to September 2023) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in August 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across two days in August 2023. A total of 9,315 observations were recorded during the survey in August 2023, of which 8,928 were observations of birds and 387 were observations of marine megafauna.
Data holder:
The Crown Estate
Use constraints:
Publicly Available
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 4548 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | 2023, APEM, POSEIDON, North Sea Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | 36072df24b1126bf10812a316864b3e5 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | MDE-TCE-100-3793 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | series |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2023-01-20 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2023-08-22 |
| Spatial resolution | This describes the spatial resolution of the dataset or the spatial limitations of the service. | 0.015 |
| Spatial resolution unit | This describes the unit of spatial resolution which for distance must be metres. | http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/uom/gmxUom.xml#m |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | notPlanned |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | This series includes the reporting and data deliverables for four year one seasonal aerial surveys of seabirds and marine mammals under the POSEIDON project. POSEIDON is a multi-year, multi-partner project funded through The Crown Estate OWEC programme and led by Natural England. The series constitutes: First seasonal (October to December 2022) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in January 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across three days in January 2023 with no safety issues. Due to weather delays, it was not possible to carry out the survey by the end of December 2022. A total of 3,634 observations were recorded during the survey in January 2023, of which 3,835 were observations of birds and 81 observations of marine megafauna. Second seasonal (January to March 2023) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in February 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across two days in February 2023 with no safety issues. A total of 7,986 observations were recorded during the survey in February 2023, of which 7,795 were observations of birds and 191 observations of marine megafauna. Third seasonal (April to June 2023) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in May 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across two days in May 2023, the final 2 nm of line 4 were aborted due to safety concerns over low clouds. A total of 6,995 observations were recorded during the survey in May 2023, of which 6,105 were observations of birds and 890 observations of marine megafauna. Fourth seasonal (July to September 2023) report outlining results from digital aerial surveys conducted in August 2023 within the Central North Sea under the POSEIDON project and commissioned by Natural England. Surveys were undertaken using APEMâ??s high-resolution camera system to capture digital still imagery of birds and marine megafauna within the Survey Area. The survey was successfully carried out across two days in August 2023. A total of 9,315 observations were recorded during the survey in August 2023, of which 8,928 were observations of birds and 387 were observations of marine megafauna. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | The survey was conducted using APEMs bespoke camera system, customised by in-house specialists for surveying the offshore environment. The camera system is integrated with custom flight planning software that allows each survey flight line to be accurately mapped before the aircraft leaves the ground. Each image capture node is precisely defined, allowing the system to fire the camera exposures at exactly the right location. This ensures that each survey is flown with the same orientation and the camera is triggered at the same position within set tolerances. APEMs flight planning software enables tolerances along survey lines to be set, meaning the camera system would automatically abort data capture should the aircraft drift away from the planned flight line. APEMs on-board camera technician continually monitored the imagery as it was collected to ensure data collected was fit for purpose. The camera technician would make the decision to cease data collection should conditions become unsuitable for surveying or data collection. Subsequently, the survey would then be resumed at the next earliest opportunity. All completed surveys therefore maintained conditions conducive to successful surveying. Favourable conditions for surveying were defined as: a cloud base (lowest altitude of the visible portion of the cloud) of at least 1,300 ft, according to a geoidal model, to ensure there is no cloud below the planned altitude of the aircraft, visibility of greater than 5 km, wind speed of less than 30 knots, and sea state of 4 (moderate) or less. Naturally, the cloud base may vary in altitude, but aircraft will always fly lower than the lowest cloud level, if cloud base is lower than the planned aircraft altitude the survey would not take place. APEMs flight planning software allows for sideways, up and down movement of the aircraft to set tolerances ensuring the aircraft does not drift away from the line, and altitude remains suitable to achieve the required GSD. Whilst the image footprint and GSD both increase with altitude, the focus of the camera lenses ensures no discernible differences within the range of altitudes potentially flown. Wind speed was recorded at the same altitude as the aircraft, whereas sea state was determined from the appearance of the sea surface recorded by the onboard aerial survey technician. The two measures therefore do not necessarily correlate. For safety reasons, no surveying can take place in icing conditions. Data capture comprised digital still images of an average 1.5 cm GSD. Images at each camera are processed at each node, resulting in slight variation in GSD across the swath width. GSD is smaller than 1.5 cm GSD at the nadir and increases with distance from the nadir, resulting in an average GSD of 1.5 cm. Images were collected in a continuous transect-based design using a Global Positioning System (GPS) linked, bespoke flight management system to ensure the tracks were flown with a high degree of accuracy. The aircrafts internal GPS and Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) systems record to an accuracy of +/- 3 to 5 m as standard. The camera system captured abutting imagery along 11 survey flight lines spaced approximately 2 km apart within the Survey Area. The total Survey Area was 18,011 km2. The aircraft collected the data at an altitude of approximately 1,450 ft (440m) according to the ellipsoid model as recorded by GPS, equivalent to 1,300 ft (395 m) above geoidal mean sea level, and at a speed of approximately 120 knots. Images were collected continuously along the survey flight lines with slight overlap between image nodes. For analysis purposes each transect should be treated as a single sample, therefore for the current survey design, n=11. Total coverage was calculated to be 3.29% captured and 3.29% analysed, generated from 6,285 image nodes. A total of 18 nodes were not captured across lines 2, 3, 4 and 8. Impact on coverage was negligible, with the target of 3% coverage achieved, including a redundancy of an additional 0.29%, which is almost 10% contingency with respect to the target coverage. Table 2Imagery was captured in raw format and post-processed to ensure optimal quality for the subsequent stage of image analysis, to extract information on marine fauna or other notable occurrences. When a survey was completed, data were checked to ensure the number of lines and the number of images collected was correct, and that the quality of the imagery was acceptable. Once image analysis was completed, further quality assurance (QA) processes took place. Whilst strong winds (close to the standard limit of 30 knots during which condition are considered favourable for surveys) were noted during some lines, they did not constitute a health and safety risk. Weather conditions during all surveys were conducive to collecting and analysing imagery for the purpose of providing data on the identification, distribution, and abundance of bird species and marine fauna within the Survey Area. Measures were taken to minimise glint and glare, such as avoiding surveying when the sun angle had the greatest potential to impact image quality. Furthermore, data collected provided coverage of 3.29%, thus exceeding the 3% coverage required, enabling sufficient coverage to be collected should images be affected by glint or glare. |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine Environmental Data and Information Network |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Species distribution | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird counts | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Cetacean behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Cetacean abundance | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Seal abundance | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research and Development Activity | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North #1 | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 56.5 |
| East #1 | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 3 |
| South #1 | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 55.5 |
| West #1 | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -1 |
| North #2 | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 55.5 |
| East #2 | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 3 |
| South #2 | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 55 |
| West #2 | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -0.89 |
| Regional sea | Southern North Sea | |
| Northern North Sea | ||
| North Sea | ||
| atmosphere | ||
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd | |
| Position name | Data Manager | |
| enquiries@abpmer.co.uk | ||
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | APEM Limited | |
| Individual name | Gareth Myers-McCann | |
| Position name | Data Operations Team | |
| dot@apemltd.co.uk | ||
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| Delivery point | 1 St James's Market | |
| Postal code | SW1Y 4AH | |
| City | London | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-3793/summary |
| Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk | |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | otherRestrictions | |
| 20 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | This states any limitations on access to the data and uses free text. | Publicly Available |
| 21 Conditions for Access and Use - Use limitation | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2024-03-08 |
| Date of last revision | The most recent date that the resource was revised. | 2023-12-12 |
| Date of creation | The date that the resource was created. | 2023-01-20 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-04-19 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2024-03-11 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN Discovery metadata standard |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 2.3.8 |