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Metadata: 2014, Wessex Archaeology, Dudgeon, Stages 1 to 3 Geoarchaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Assessment
Abstract:
Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Royal Haskoning DHV to undertake Stage 1 to 3 geoarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental assessment of borehole samples from the site of the proposed Dudgeon Offshore Windfarm. The Stage 1 work comprised the assessment of 27 borehole logs and 32 CPT (Cone Penetrometer Test) logs. The Stage 2 work comprised the geoarchaeological recording and subsampling of 63 samples from 6 boreholes (BH06, BH13, BH15, BH19A, BH21 and BH25). The following geological formations were interpreted from the Stage 1 and 2 work: • Chalk Bedrock • Swarte Bank Formation • Egmond Ground Formation • Bolders Bank Formation • Holocene terrestrial sediments • Seabed Sediment The Pleistocene sediments including the Swarte Bank, Egmond Ground and Bolders Bank formation were identified as glacial and shallow marine deposits thought to have been deposited during the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic archaeological periods. The Holocene terrestrial sediments were subjected to Stage 3 palaeoenvironmental assessment with two boreholes BH06 and BH21 providing the focus for study. Assessment for pollen, diatoms, foraminifera, ostracods, plants and molluscs was undertaken in conjunction with radiocarbon dating revealing interesting freshwater and estuarine environments dating to the Mesolithic archaeological period. In addition, the dating suggests that sediments within borehole BH06 might also relate to the Storegga slide tsunami which is thought to have affected Mesolithic communities in the North Sea area around 8100 years ago. Stage 4 analysis of pollen, foraminifera, ostracods, plants and molluscs and further radiocarbon dating is recommended in particular to better understand the interesting sediments within borehole BH06.
Data holder:
The Crown Estate
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 19093 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | 2014, Wessex Archaeology, Dudgeon, Stages 1 to 3 Geoarchaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Assessment |
| Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | Stages 1 to 3 Geoarchaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Assessment |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | 3f9206c9-e391-41ef-be95-df50d4ab7e52 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | TCE-325 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | series |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2014-07-01 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2014-07-01 |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | asNeeded |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Royal Haskoning DHV to undertake Stage 1 to 3 geoarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental assessment of borehole samples from the site of the proposed Dudgeon Offshore Windfarm. The Stage 1 work comprised the assessment of 27 borehole logs and 32 CPT (Cone Penetrometer Test) logs. The Stage 2 work comprised the geoarchaeological recording and subsampling of 63 samples from 6 boreholes (BH06, BH13, BH15, BH19A, BH21 and BH25). The following geological formations were interpreted from the Stage 1 and 2 work: • Chalk Bedrock • Swarte Bank Formation • Egmond Ground Formation • Bolders Bank Formation • Holocene terrestrial sediments • Seabed Sediment The Pleistocene sediments including the Swarte Bank, Egmond Ground and Bolders Bank formation were identified as glacial and shallow marine deposits thought to have been deposited during the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic archaeological periods. The Holocene terrestrial sediments were subjected to Stage 3 palaeoenvironmental assessment with two boreholes BH06 and BH21 providing the focus for study. Assessment for pollen, diatoms, foraminifera, ostracods, plants and molluscs was undertaken in conjunction with radiocarbon dating revealing interesting freshwater and estuarine environments dating to the Mesolithic archaeological period. In addition, the dating suggests that sediments within borehole BH06 might also relate to the Storegga slide tsunami which is thought to have affected Mesolithic communities in the North Sea area around 8100 years ago. Stage 4 analysis of pollen, foraminifera, ostracods, plants and molluscs and further radiocarbon dating is recommended in particular to better understand the interesting sediments within borehole BH06. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | Stage 1 Review The Stage 1 review comprised the assessment of 27 borehole logs from 26 locations generated by the Danish geotechnical company GEO during July and August 2013 the most recent versions of which (GEO 2014) are given in Appendix 1. In order to obtain maximum archaeological information from the survey this process was enhanced by a presentation, given by Jack Russell on 11th July aboard the MV Blue Beta whilst it was alongside in Great Yarmouth to explain fully the archaeological requirements. A list of potential locations and depths of interest was also compiled based on previous geophysical, geotechnical and archaeological surveys in the area. A further 32 CPT logs generated during geotechnical survey by the MV Blue Beta during March 2014 were also reviewed in order to provide archaeological input into the limited sampling survey which was subsequently undertaken (Appendix 2). Samples were retained for geoarchaeolgical recording in two forms. Firstly, sections of samples which were extruded on board the MV Blue Beta deemed worthy of further palaeoenvironmental work but not required for geotechnical work were retained in bags or “Waxed Quarts”. A number of samples were also identified to be of geological and geoarchaeological importance and were retained intact within their steel shelby liners for on-shore extrusion and potential archaeological and palaeoenvironmental assessments. Stage 2 Geoarchaeological recording and subsampling The samples were transported to WA’s environmental processing laboratory, where they were geoarchaeologically recorded. Each bagged sample was opened and core samples were split longitudinally, photographed and recorded. The descriptions (Appendix 3) provided details of the depth to each sediment horizon, the character and form of the sediment. Sedimentary characteristics recorded included texture, colour and depositional structure. Subsamples were taken from relevant deposits in order to provide chronological and environmental information relating to their formation. The selections were made on the basis of the sediment identified from the geoarchaeological recording of the samples. Samples taken were targeted at sediments thought to be of potential geological, geoarchaeological and palaeoenvironmental interest. The positions and depths of the samples are shown on Figures 2 to 3 and in the table below. Stage 3 Palaeoenvironmental assessment and dating 2.3.1 Eighteen sediment samples from boreholes BH02, BH06 and BH21 of approximately 25cm3 were taken for foraminifera, ostracod assessment. The samples were broken into small pieces by hand, placed in ceramic bowls, and dried in an oven. Boiling-hot water was then poured over them, with a little sodium carbonate added to help disaggregate the clay fraction. Each was left to soak overnight. Washing was with hand-hot water through a 75 micron sieve, the remaining residue being returned to the ceramic bowl for final drying in the oven. The samples were then stored in labelled plastic bags. For examination, each sample was placed in a nest of sieves (>50, >250, >150 microns, and base pan) and thoroughly shaken. A little of each grade was then sprinkled onto a picking tray and viewed under a binocular microscope. “Organic Remains” from the three boreholes were logged on a presence/absence basis. Identification follows Murray (2006) for the foraminifera, and Athersuch, Horne & Whittaker (1989) and Meisch (2000) for the brackish/marine and freshwater ostracods, respectively. 2.3.2 Eighteen sediment samples from boreholes BH02, BH06 and BH21 of approximately 4cm3 were taken for pollen and diatom assessment. These were taken to the University of Southampton for preparation. |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Palaeoclimatic indicators and parameters |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine archaeology | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Sediment age | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Geotechnics | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Renewable Energy Lease area | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Geology | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 53.284 |
| East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 1.4544 |
| South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 52.6255 |
| West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 0.7787 |
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | Wessex Archaeology | |
| Individual name | Euan McNeill | |
| Position name | Director, Coastal & Marine | |
| Phone | 01722 326867 | |
| e.mcneill@wessexarch.co.uk | ||
| Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
| Organisation name | Orsted | |
| Customer-questions@orsted.com | ||
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-325/summary |
| Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk | |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | There will be no limitations when published on the Marine Data Exchange | |
| 21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | Data Must be used in accordance to the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use: https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2021-05-17 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-04-19 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2026-03-17 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.2 |