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Metadata: 2009-2016, ECON Ecological Consultancy Ltd., Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm, Ornithological Monitoring during Construction and Operation
Abstract:
The ornithological monitoring of the Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) required under the conditions of Marine licence L/2011/00153/8 (updating Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 Licence 33369/10/3) was to fulfil two objectives: 1) Determine if there is any change in bird distribution, use and passage, measured by species’ abundance and behaviour, at the wind farm site, 1 km and 2-4 km buffer zones and the reference (control) site. 2) Validate the collision risk modelling to identify avoidance rates of the Sheringham Shoal Wind farm site with reference to tern species [Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis] in the breeding season. Objective 1 was delivered through a boat-based monitoring programme consisting of 151 surveys spanning seven years (February 2009 to February 2016) thereby providing one year of pre-construction (baseline) surveys, three years of construction and three years of operation monitoring. To enhance the duration of the baseline, a further 29 surveys from the characterisation phase for the site (March 2004 to January 2006) were added to the dataset (total of n=180 surveys) for the purpose of additional control-impact analysis. The quality of the results ultimately delivered by this project reinforces the view from other recent work (e.g. Vanermen et al. 2016) that boat-based surveys may be an excellent platform for studies of seabird distribution in relation to wind farms. Objective 2 was addressed using visual tracking of Sandwich Terns heading toward the wind farm from a rigid-hulled inflatable boat. This recently developed, albeit now widely used, technique has been targeted at terns but is equally applicable to all gulls and skuas. As applied in this study, the technique can provide unique insight into the behavioural response of birds to a wind farm. A key advantage of visual tracking over remote methods is that every aspect of bird behaviour can be observed. Accordingly, the level of detail provided by this study is thought to be unprecedented in the study of the interactions between a breeding seabird and wind farm development.
Data holder:
The Crown Estate
Use constraints:
http://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/pages/terms-of-use.aspx
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 4810 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | 2009-2016, ECON Ecological Consultancy Ltd., Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm, Ornithological Monitoring during Construction and Operation |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | 6608f5d2-5670-4bd0-b10b-c1a4adf9e0a0 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | 002 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | series |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2026-04-19 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2026-04-19 |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | notPlanned |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | The ornithological monitoring of the Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) required under the conditions of Marine licence L/2011/00153/8 (updating Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 Licence 33369/10/3) was to fulfil two objectives: 1) Determine if there is any change in bird distribution, use and passage, measured by species’ abundance and behaviour, at the wind farm site, 1 km and 2-4 km buffer zones and the reference (control) site. 2) Validate the collision risk modelling to identify avoidance rates of the Sheringham Shoal Wind farm site with reference to tern species [Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis] in the breeding season. Objective 1 was delivered through a boat-based monitoring programme consisting of 151 surveys spanning seven years (February 2009 to February 2016) thereby providing one year of pre-construction (baseline) surveys, three years of construction and three years of operation monitoring. To enhance the duration of the baseline, a further 29 surveys from the characterisation phase for the site (March 2004 to January 2006) were added to the dataset (total of n=180 surveys) for the purpose of additional control-impact analysis. The quality of the results ultimately delivered by this project reinforces the view from other recent work (e.g. Vanermen et al. 2016) that boat-based surveys may be an excellent platform for studies of seabird distribution in relation to wind farms. Objective 2 was addressed using visual tracking of Sandwich Terns heading toward the wind farm from a rigid-hulled inflatable boat. This recently developed, albeit now widely used, technique has been targeted at terns but is equally applicable to all gulls and skuas. As applied in this study, the technique can provide unique insight into the behavioural response of birds to a wind farm. A key advantage of visual tracking over remote methods is that every aspect of bird behaviour can be observed. Accordingly, the level of detail provided by this study is thought to be unprecedented in the study of the interactions between a breeding seabird and wind farm development. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | The survey methods remained consistent throughout post-consent monitoring and were almost identical to those employed during baseline site characterisation in 2004 and 2005/6 to inform the ES4 (SCIRA Offshore Energy Ltd 2006). All surveys were carried out by ECON using experienced ornithologists trained to systematically record seabirds and migrant species using the methodological protocol devised by COWRIE (Camphuysen et al. 2004) following the basic European Seabirds at Sea team (ESAS) method. However, a number of specified alterations, agreed with NE, were incorporated in order to maximise the value of the data for offshore wind farm assessment and monitoring. The movement of flying birds relative to the survey vessel could bias the estimation of densities and therefore two survey methods are required. Continuous line transect observations are used for birds on the water and instantaneous point samples or ‘snapshots’ are used for birds in flight as this effectively freezes birds in space and time. Thus, snapshots are effectively independent point samples along the survey route. The snapshot method assumes all birds are visible to a distance of 300 m (but see Barbraud & Thiebot 2009). ECON employ a radial snapshot method, with radial distance bands, rather than the use of a 300 m x 300 m box, parts of which are >300 m from the observers to a maximum of 424 m at an angle of 45o. |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Renewable Energy Lease area |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Construction monitoring | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Operation and Maintenance | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird counts | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Pre-Construction monitoring | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird taxonomy-related abundance per unit area of surface | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine Environmental Data and Information Network | |
| Keyword title | MEDIN | |
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine Environmental Data and Information Network |
| Keyword title | MEDIN | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 53.182847 |
| East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 1.231625 |
| South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 52.948708 |
| West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 0.828491 |
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd | |
| Phone | +44 023 8071 1840 | |
| Delivery point | Quayside Suite, Medina Chambers, Town Quay | |
| Postal code | SO14 2AQ | |
| City | Southampton | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| enquiries@abpmer.co.uk | ||
| URL | http://www.abpmer.co.uk | |
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| Delivery point | 1 St James's Market | |
| Postal code | SW1Y 4AH | |
| City | London | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| URL | http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk | |
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | ECON Ecological Consultancy Ltd | |
| Phone | +44 (0)1603 720 477 | |
| Delivery point | Unit 7, Octagon Buisness Park | |
| Postal code | NR13 5FH | |
| City | Little Plumstead | |
| Administrative area | Norwich | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| e.skeate@econ-ecology.com | ||
| URL | http://www.econ-ecology.com/ | |
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/1990/summary |
| Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk | |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | copyright | |
| 20 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | This states any limitations on access to the data and uses free text. | http://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/pages/terms-of-use.aspx |
| 21 Conditions for Access and Use - Use limitation | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | http://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/pages/terms-of-use.aspx |
| This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | http://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/pages/terms-of-use.aspx | |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2026-04-19 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-04-19 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2020-09-21 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN Discovery Profile |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 2.3.8 |