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Metadata: 2003-2004, Subacoustech, COWRIE Research, Assessment of sub-sea noise and vibration from offshore wind turbines and its impact on marine wildlife
Abstract:
This series aimed to assess the underwater acoustic noise and vibration generated by offshore windfarm construction and operation in the UK, particularly focusing on the impacts on marine wildlife and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. The work, carried out between April 2003 and January 2004 at sites including North Hoyle and Scroby Sands, employed methodologies such as in situ underwater noise measurements, transmission loss modelling, hydrophone deployments, transect-based surveys, baseline-comparison analyses, caged fish trials, and marine mammal observations. Key findings showed that piling operations generate high impulsive noise levels, producing significant avoidance reactions and risk of injury in marine mammals and fish, often at ranges of several kilometres for avoidance and tens to hundreds of metres for physical harm. The research emphasized the need for site-specific noise modelling, continued empirical monitoring, improved baseline data, and the adoption of targeted mitigation measures such as bubble curtains, acoustic harassment devices, soft start procedures, and real-time monitoring with response protocols. Overall, the studies concluded that effective mitigation strategies, ongoing monitoring, and the development of species-specific noise thresholds are essential to minimizing risks to marine wildlife, and recommended further systematic evaluation and local adaptation of noise management techniques during offshore windfarm construction and operation.
Data holder:
The Crown Estate
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 19012 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | 2003-2004, Subacoustech, COWRIE Research, Assessment of sub-sea noise and vibration from offshore wind turbines and its impact on marine wildlife |
| Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | Assessment of sub-sea noise and vibration from offshore wind turbines and its impact on marine wildlife |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | 7f5cf49e-4e04-4f69-aed0-aeca86800db6 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | TCE-277 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | series |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2003-03-31 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2004-08-17 |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | notPlanned |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | This series aimed to assess the underwater acoustic noise and vibration generated by offshore windfarm construction and operation in the UK, particularly focusing on the impacts on marine wildlife and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. The work, carried out between April 2003 and January 2004 at sites including North Hoyle and Scroby Sands, employed methodologies such as in situ underwater noise measurements, transmission loss modelling, hydrophone deployments, transect-based surveys, baseline-comparison analyses, caged fish trials, and marine mammal observations. Key findings showed that piling operations generate high impulsive noise levels, producing significant avoidance reactions and risk of injury in marine mammals and fish, often at ranges of several kilometres for avoidance and tens to hundreds of metres for physical harm. The research emphasized the need for site-specific noise modelling, continued empirical monitoring, improved baseline data, and the adoption of targeted mitigation measures such as bubble curtains, acoustic harassment devices, soft start procedures, and real-time monitoring with response protocols. Overall, the studies concluded that effective mitigation strategies, ongoing monitoring, and the development of species-specific noise thresholds are essential to minimizing risks to marine wildlife, and recommended further systematic evaluation and local adaptation of noise management techniques during offshore windfarm construction and operation. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | The basic steps in the processing and quality checking were as follows: 1. the log file for the measurement was interrogated to find equipment settings, GPS positions and other information, such as weather conditions; 2. the signal was spectrally de-emphasised; 3. the signal was converted from volts to Pascals using the hydrophone sensitivity and amplifier gain contained in the data’s header block; 4. the signal was high pass filtered at 10 Hz to remove any low frequency hydrodynamic noise due to the passage of waves; 5. the levels of sound were calculated in dB re 1 mPa, either as peak level and impulse level for impulsive sounds, such as piling, or as sound power spectra for continuous noise, such as drilling; 6. the dBht levels were calculated for selected species of fish and marine mammals; 7. time history files, with levels scaled to dB re 1 ?? Pa, and power spectral density files were created. Also, sound files (*.wav files) were created. Each of these records was inspected for quality. Records were checked visually using the time history to check for transients or other spurious data. The spectra were checked for tonal noise, such as 50 Hz mains noise, depth finder or sonar transmissions. Finally, every recording was listened to for spurious noises. Data which passed the quality checks and were processed were stored for further use. |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Sedimentary structure |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Acoustic noise in the water column | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Cetacean behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Fish behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research and Development Activity | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Species distribution | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 53.48 |
| East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -3.24 |
| South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 53.3 |
| West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -3.61 |
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd | |
| Phone | 02380711840 | |
| enquiries@abpmer.co.uk | ||
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | Subacoustech Ltd. | |
| Phone | +44 (0)1489 891849 | |
| subacoustech@subacoustech.com | ||
| Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
| Organisation name | COWRIE | |
| cowrie@offshorewind.co.uk | ||
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-277/summary |
| Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk | |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | There will be no limitations when published on the Marine Data Exchange | |
| 21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | Data Must be used in accordance to the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use: https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2021-05-17 |
| Date of creation | The date that the resource was created. | 2007-01-01 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-09-27 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2026-07-22 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.2 |