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    "identifier": "fefb8feb-7788-43c6-b131-1c8884699eed",
    "url": "http://portal.medin.org.uk/portal/?details&tpc=fefb8feb-7788-43c6-b131-1c8884699eed",
    "name": "2025, North West Wildlife Trust, Marine Internships, Ornithological Nature Inclusive Design",
    "description": "The following report was produced as part of the Marine Futures Internship; a collaborative project between Natural England, \u00d8rsted, The Crown Estate and the North West Wildlife Trusts, which is funded by The Crown Estate and managed by Cumbria Wildlife Trust. \r\n\r\nThe expansion of offshore wind infrastructure has led to increasing interactions with marine ecosystems, including the establishment of black-legged kittiwake colonies on offshore wind structures. Notably, approximately 250 kittiwakes now nest on the Walney 1 and 2 offshore substations (OSSs) off the coast of Cumbria. Within a UK policy context shaped by the mitigation hierarchy, strategic compensation, and emerging marine net gain (MNG) requirements, this raises questions about how such colonies can be supported while meeting developers\u2019 environmental obligations.\r\n\r\nThis study explores the potential role of Ornithological Nature-Inclusive Design (ONID) in offshore wind, with a focus on its feasibility, policy alignment, and stakeholder acceptability. Semi-structured interviews with regulators, developers, statutory bodies, and NGOs reveal broad conceptual support for ONID, but limited willingness to adopt it as a form of strategic compensation. Key barriers include the lack of a clear, shared definition of NID, insufficient evidence of ecological effectiveness, concerns about increased collision risk, and challenges in quantification, cost, and decommissioning.\r\n\r\nStakeholders largely view ONID as better suited to early-stage mitigation or delivery of marine net gain rather than compensation. The study concludes that, with a clear definition, targeted evidence-gathering, and appropriate incentives, ONID could become a valuable design best-practice tool to reduce impacts and support seabird populations, including kittiwakes at Walney, without undermining the mitigation hierarchy.\r\n\r\nThe following report was produced as part of the Marine Futures Internship; a collaborative project between Natural England, \u00d8rsted, The Crown Estate and the North West Wildlife Trusts, which is funded by The Crown Estate and managed by Cumbria Wildlife Trust.",
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        "access: The Deliverables must be used in accordance with the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use",
        "use: The Deliverables must be used in accordance with the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use"
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    "temporalCoverage": "2025-06-24/2025-12-24",
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            "name": "Bird behaviour"
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            "box": "49 -7 56 2"
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    "author": [
        {
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            "name": "Cumbria Wildlife Trust",
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        "url": "https://portal.medin.org.uk/portal/",
        "name": "Marine Environmental Data and Information Network (MEDIN)",
        "description": "The MEDIN portal contains information about 19493 marine datasets from over 600 UK organisations. Metadata are an enduring resource and contact details are publicly available for a long time. \r\n\t\tPlease contact us (enquiries@medin.org.uk) if you find your contact details on the MEDIN portal and do not consent to this. \r\n\t\tYou can now use our GitHub repository to report issues or access related documents. Metadata records are updated daily and were last updated 2026-04-19. Record deletion takes place weekly and the latest occurred 2026-04-12."
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