a118be306d285b489ea7a03311213925 English dataset Polly Hadžiabdić British Oceanographic Data Centre Head of the BODC Requests Team Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool Merseyside L3 5DA United Kingdom enquiries@bodc.ac.uk https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ pointOfContact 2025-06-06T08:28:02 MEDIN 3.1.1 urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326 OGP Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS array at 26°N from 2004 to 2023 British Oceanographic Data Centre record 1048RAPIDMOCHA_AMOC 2017-10-03 publication 2025-04-24 creation 2025-04-25 revision EDMED6178 http://www.bodc.ac.uk/ The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS dataset comprises measurements of current velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure. Oceanic volume and heat transports are calculated from these variables, in both depth and density space, resulting in continuous measurements of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Data collection is obtained from a mooring array across 26.5N in the Atlantic Ocean and cable measurements across the Florida Straits. The measurement array extends from the Bahamas to the African coast. The data have been measured continuously between April 2004 and February 2023. The data are collected periodically (currently every 30 months) from various UK and USA research cruises. Measurements between the Bahamas and Africa were made using a variety of MicroCat CTD sensors, various current meters and ADCP. An undersea cable makes current velocity measurements across the Florida Straits. The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS programme aims to deliver a multi-decadal time series of observations of AMOC. The observations will be used with data from other sources to determine and interpret recent changes in the AMOC, to assess the risk of rapid climate change due to changes in the MOC, and to investigate the potential for predicting the MOC and its impacts on climate. The RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS programme is a joint effort between NERC in the UK (the UK Principal Investigator (PI) is Ben Moat), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) with support from NOAA (PIs Ryan Smith and Denis Volkov) and RSMAS (PIs Prof. Bill Johns and Prof. Shane Elipot) in the USA. The Atlantic MOC transport (and its components), calculated from the above data, and gridded files of temperature and salinity are held by BODC in NetCDF format. Unknown National Oceanography Centre (Southampton) Unknown University of Southampton Waterfront Campus European Way Southampton Hampshire SO14 3ZH United Kingdom enquiries@noc.ac.uk http://noc.ac.uk owner Unknown National Oceanography Centre (Southampton) Unknown University of Southampton Waterfront Campus European Way Southampton Hampshire SO14 3ZH United Kingdom enquiries@noc.ac.uk http://noc.ac.uk originator British Oceanographic Data Centre Director Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool Merseyside L3 5DA United Kingdom enquiries@bodc.ac.uk https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ custodian British Oceanographic Data Centre Director Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool Merseyside L3 5DA United Kingdom enquiries@bodc.ac.uk https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ distributor asNeeded Elevation Oceanographic geographical features Coordinate reference systems Geographical grid systems GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-07-31 revision Natural Environment Research Council Designated Data Centres Marine Environmental Data and Information Network MEDIN metadata record availability 2012-01-11 revision Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Date and time Transport in the water column Temperature of the water column Salinity of the water column Density of the water column Vertical spatial coordinates Lagrangian currents and transport rates in the water column SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2023-12-12 revision unknown SeaVoX Vertical Co-ordinate Coverages 2020-05-21 revision otherRestrictions No limitations apply Data are freely available otherRestrictions No conditions apply English elevation location oceans -81.00 -13.50 23.50 28.00 SeaVoX water bodies 2024-12-11 revision North Atlantic Ocean SeaVoX water bodies 2024-12-11 revision Atlantic Ocean SeaVoX water bodies 2024-12-11 revision Northeast Atlantic Ocean (40W) SeaVoX water bodies 2024-12-11 revision Northwest Atlantic Ocean (40W) 2004-04-01 2025-06-06 Publication year: 2015-01-01 Publication title: Measuring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N Publication authors: McCarthy, G.D.; Smeed, D.A.; Johns, W.E.; Frajka-Williams, E.; Moat, B.I.; Rayner, D.; Baringer, M.O.; Meinen, C.S.; Collins, J.; Bryden, H.L. Publication editors: Progress in Oceanography Network Common Data Form Text or Plaintext https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/ BODC Published Data Library Access the BODC PDL catalogue. This provides access to snapshots of specially chosen datasets that are archived using rigorous version management, enabling dataset citation through the assignment of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). order https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/1a774e53-7383-2e9a-e053-6c86abc0d8c7/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/1a774e53-7383-2e9a-e053-6c86abc0d8c7 Smeed D.; McCarthy G.; Rayner D.; Moat B.I.; Johns W.E.; Baringer M.O.; Meinen C.S. (2015). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2014. British Oceanographic Data Centre - Natural Environment Research Council, UK. doi:10/6qb. download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/35784047-9b82-2160-e053-6c86abc0c91b/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/35784047-9b82-2160-e053-6c86abc0c91b Smeed D.; McCarthy G.; Rayner D.; Moat B.I.; Johns W.E.; Baringer M.O.; Meinen C.S. (2016). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2015. British Oceanographic Data Centre - Natural Environment Research Council, UK. doi:10/bkzc. download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/5acfd143-1104-7b58-e053-6c86abc0d94b/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/5acfd143-1104-7b58-e053-6c86abc0d94b Smeed D.; McCarthy G.; Rayner D.; Moat B.I.; Johns W.E.; Baringer M.O.; Meinen C.S. (2017). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2017. British Oceanographic Data Centre - Natural Environment Research Council, UK. doi:10/cfcm. download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/8cd7e7bb-9a20-05d8-e053-6c86abc012c2/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/8cd7e7bb-9a20-05d8-e053-6c86abc012c2 Smeed D., Moat B.I., Rayner D., Johns W.E., Baringer M.O., Volkov D.L., Frajka-Williams E. (2019). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2018. British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK. doi: 10/c72s download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/aa57e879-4cca-28b6-e053-6c86abc02de5/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/aa57e879-4cca-28b6-e053-6c86abc02de5 Moat B.I., Frajka-Williams E., Smeed D., Rayner D., Sanchez-Franks A., Johns W.E., Baringer M.O., Volkov D.L., Collins J. (2020). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2018 (v2018.2). British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK. doi: 10/d3z4 download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/cc1e34b3-3385-662b-e053-6c86abc03444/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/cc1e34b3-3385-662b-e053-6c86abc03444 Frajka-Williams E., Moat B.I., Smeed D., Rayner D., Johns W.E., Baringer M.O., Volkov D.L., Collins J. (2021). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2020 (v2020.1). NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC. doi: 10/gwqg download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/e91b10af-6f0a-7fa7-e053-6c86abc05a09/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/e91b10af-6f0a-7fa7-e053-6c86abc05a09 Moat B.I., Frajka-Williams E., Smeed D., Rayner D., Johns W.E., Baringer M.O., Volkov D.L., Collins J. (2022). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2020 (v2020.2). NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC doi: 10.5285/e91b10af-6f0a-7fa7-e053-6c86abc05a09 download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/04c79ece-3186-349a-e063-6c86abc0158c/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/04c79ece-3186-349a-e063-6c86abc0158c Moat B.I., Smeed D., Rayner D., Johns W.E., Smith R.H., Volkov D.L., Baringer M.O., Collins J. (2023). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2022 (v2022.1). NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC doi: 10.5285/04c79ece-3186-349a-e063-6c86abc0158c download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/223b34a3-2dc5-c945-e063-7086abc0f274/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/223b34a3-2dc5-c945-e063-7086abc0f274 Moat B.I., Smeed D., Rayner D., Johns W.E., Smith R.H., Volkov D.L., Elipot S., Petit T., Kajtar J.B., Baringer M.O., Collins J. (2024). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2023 (v2023.1). NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC doi: 10.5285/223b34a3-2dc5-c945-e063-7086abc0f274 download https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/33826d6e-801c-b0a7-e063-7086abc0b9db/ Published dataset - doi:10.5285/33826d6e-801c-b0a7-e063-7086abc0b9db Moat B.I., Smeed D., Rayner D., Johns W.E., Smith R.H., Volkov D.L., Elipot S., Petit T., Kajtar J.B., Baringer M.O., Collins J. (2025). Atlantic meridional overturning circulation observed by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array-Western Boundary Time Series) array at 26N from 2004 to 2023 (v2023.1a). NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC doi: 10.5285/33826d6e-801c-b0a7-e063-7086abc0b9db download dataset COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication BODC protocols are based on the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model enabling BODC to iterate towards compliance with the on-going evolution and development of community requirements including FAIR (Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable), TRUST (Transparency, Responsibility, User community, Sustainability, Technology) and CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics). Data managers quality assure submissions and assemble the metadata necessary for curation. Submissions (as received) are placed in a long-term accession and stored in triplicate across multiple sites. 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BODC submission agreements are documented on the BODC website and customer service is assured with a dedicated requests team that serve data following local regulations including General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2018 and Environmental Information Regulations (EIR) 2004. true This dataset was created by the organisations with the "originator" role in this metadata record following their in-house data processing and quality control procedures. The data were then provided to the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for ingestion into one of the schemas of the National Oceanographic Database (NODB). During ingestion BODC undertake quality control, documentation and metadata enhancement procedures appropriate to the type of data. For an overview please see http://www.bodc.ac.uk/about/information_technology/data_processing_steps/. BODC supply full information about data collection, data processing and data quality with all data requests to enable users to assess data suitability themselves.Instrument(s) used to collect data: current profilers; submarine cables; CTD; current meters.