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                  <gml:beginPosition>2018-09-02</gml:beginPosition>
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        <gmd:MD_Format>
          <gmd:name>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/M01/current/GIS">Geographic Information System</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:version gco:nilReason="Unkown" />
        </gmd:MD_Format>
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    </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
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              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Cefas Data Portal</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
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                <gmd:CI_OnlineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnlineFunctionCode>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The Cefas Data Portal contains metadata records and data sets available to download and connect to in support of our commitment to open science. Data is available in the following formats: CSV, ESRI Shapefile. The data can also be accessed via the WFS and WMS protocols.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
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      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
          <gmd:result>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>INSPIRE Data Specification on Species Distribution – Technical Guidelines</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2013-12-10</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
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                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/ML_gmxCodelists.xml#CD_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
          <gmd:result>
            <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
              <gmd:specification>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gmx:Anchor xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2010/1089">Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services</gmx:Anchor>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2010-12-08</gco:Date>
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                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/ML_gmxCodelists.xml#CD_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                <gco:Boolean>true</gco:Boolean>
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                <gco:CharacterString>See the referenced specification</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>The OBIS and Cefas-collected benthic data was subject to an initial clean-up 
process in which duplicated entries were eliminated and OBIS data on pelagic 
larvae of benthic species (obtained from pelagic sampling) was discarded. In 
order to limit this study to open waters, records at less than 2 nautical 
miles from the shoreline were discarded. Taxonomic information for all data 
was checked on the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, 2018) and updated 
when necessary.

Benthic genera with less than 100 presence records were discarded, in order to 
limit the number of hard-to-detect taxa in the study for which absences may be 
due to lack of suitability of the sampling method (rather than being true 
absences). The study region was partitioned into a 0.25° x 0.25° regular grid 
with all presence records aggregated into “samples” by their grid cell and the 
year they were recorded. Only samples comprising at least 20 different genera 
were included, in order to exclude data from surveys targeting specific taxa 
and from surveys where insufficient or untargeted sampling effort resulted in 
an incomplete inventory of genera. It was considered an infauna sample when at 
least 33% of all its genera were infaunal, and similarly for epifauna. A 
sample could be both infaunal and epifaunal if it contained enough genera of 
both groups. Infauna (epifauna) genus absences were assumed where an infauna 
(epifauna) sample did not include that genus.

The data is provided as two separate files with information for infauna and 
epifauna genera respectively. For each sample, the year is provided together 
with the longitude and latitude of the centre of the grid cell, followed by 
the complete list of presences (1) and absences (0) of infauna (or epifauna) 
genera.

For full details of the procedure and the analysis carried out with this 
dataset, see E. Couce, G.H. Engelhard and M. Schratzberger, “Capturing 
threshold responses of marine benthos along gradients of natural and 
anthropogenic change”, Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020 (
`https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13604`_).


.. _`https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13604`:
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13604</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataStandardName>
    <gmx:Anchor xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/M25/current/MEDIN/">MEDIN</gmx:Anchor>
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  <gmd:metadataStandardVersion>
    <gco:CharacterString>3.1.1</gco:CharacterString>
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</gmd:MD_Metadata>