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            In the past, specimens of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (= P. vulgaris) from Scottish waters have been considered of sufficient rarity for individual records of capture to be kept. It has now however been recognized that the species has a continuous distribution in Scottish west coast waters, along the northern coast to Orkney, and in Shetland, while 2 isolated records from the east coast suggested that, occasionally larvae penetrate and survive to metamorphosis in the North Sea, presumably during periods when Atlantic water penetrates further south than is normal in this area.
            
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