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        <gco:CharacterString>The Future Offshore Wind Scenarios (FOWS) project was commissioned by BEIS, The Crown Estate and Crown Estate Scotland, with the analysis undertaken by Arup. Its objective was to better understand the spatial implications of the deployment potential needed to meet net zero. In undertaking the study, Arup modelled illustrative spatial scenarios for offshore wind development out to 2050. These investigate the potential implications for future relative deployment costs and offshore wind technology choice, in interaction with the environment, and other marine infrastructure and industries. 

FOWS modelled three deployment pathways to 2050 (65, 95 and 140GW). For each pathway, a range of scenarios were considered for the treatment of offshore constraint, alongside various sensitivities in relation to cost assumptions. This resulted in the creation of a diverse range of modelled spatial deployment scenarios, which help illustrate the complex interaction of geospatial factors and relative deployment costs.
 
It is important to note that this exercise does not constitute – and should not be treated as – a plan for development. Furthermore, data limitations are significant and further analysis of UK level deployment can only come from broader and better data. However, some key themes have emerged from the project:
1. It shows significant UK-wide opportunity for offshore wind deployment, with ample potential for floating wind assuming a high learning rate and capable supply chain.
2. The project has highlighted the importance of collaboration to find effective ways of approaching issues of marine spatial prioritisation, with more work to be undertaken in this space.
3. Modelling electricity system considerations and cumulative environmental impacts is necessary to optimise cluster size and determine the ultimate viability of deployment areas.

To interactively explore the spatial outputs from the study, please go to www.futureoffshorewindscenarios.co.uk

The FOWS project is part of the Offshore Wind Evidence and Change programme which was established by The Crown Estate in December 2020 with the aim to facilitate the sustainable and coordinated expansion of offshore wind to help meet the UK’s commitments to low carbon energy whilst supporting clean, healthy, productive and biologically diverse seas.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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        <gmd:MD_Format>
          <gmd:name>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/M01/current/DOC/">Documents</gmx:Anchor>
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        </gmd:MD_Format>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-3558/summary</gmd:URL>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>A link to the web service or dataset.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk</gmd:URL>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>A link to the general host site.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2010-12-08T00:00:00</gco:Date>
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              <gmd:explanation>
                <gco:CharacterString>Conformity with the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 was either not relevant to this dataset or not a requirement of the Marine Data Exchange for the creation and submission of this dataset; therefore, conformity has not been assessed and cannot be declared</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:pass>
                <gco:Boolean>True</gco:Boolean>
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        </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="series">series</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
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      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>The Future Offshore Wind Scenarios (FOWS) project was commissioned by BEIS, The Crown Estate and Crown Estate Scotland, with the analysis undertaken by Arup. Its objective was to better understand the spatial implications of the deployment potential needed to meet net zero. In undertaking the study, Arup modelled illustrative spatial scenarios for offshore wind development out to 2050. These investigate the potential implications for future relative deployment costs and offshore wind technology choice, in interaction with the environment, and other marine infrastructure and industries. 
       FOWS modelled three deployment pathways to 2050 (65, 95 and 140GW). For each pathway, a range of scenarios were considered for the treatment of offshore constraint, alongside various sensitivities in relation to cost assumptions. This resulted in the creation of a diverse range of modelled spatial deployment scenarios, which help illustrate the complex interaction of geospatial factors and relative deployment costs. 
       It is important to note that this exercise does not constitute â and should not be treated as â a plan for development. Furthermore, data limitations are significant and further analysis of UK level deployment can only come from broader and better data. However, some key themes have emerged from the project:
       1. It shows significant UK-wide opportunity for offshore wind deployment, with ample potential for floating wind assuming a high learning rate and capable supply chain.
       2. The project has highlighted the importance of collaboration to find effective ways of approaching issues of marine spatial prioritisation, with more work to be undertaken in this space.
       3. Modelling electricity system considerations and cumulative environmental impacts is necessary to optimise cluster size and determine the ultimate viability of deployment areas.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:organisationName>
        <gco:CharacterString>The Crown Estate</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:voice>
                <gco:CharacterString>+44 020 7851 5000</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmd:CI_Telephone>
          </gmd:phone>
          <gmd:address>
            <gmd:CI_Address>
              <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                <gco:CharacterString>enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:CI_Contact>
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        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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  <gmd:referenceSystemInfo>
    <gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
      <gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
        <gmd:RS_Identifier>
          <gmd:authority>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>EPSG Geodetic Parameter Registry</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2022-11-29</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                  </gmd:dateType>
                </gmd:CI_Date>
              </gmd:date>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:authority>
          <gmd:code>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://apps.epsg.org/api/v1/GeodeticCoordRefSystem/4326">WGS 84</gmx:Anchor>
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        </gmd:RS_Identifier>
      </gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
    </gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
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