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        <gco:CharacterString>Subacoustech Environmental Ltd carried out a detailed noise assessment for the proposed Rhiannon Wind Farm (RWF) on behalf of Centrica. This assessment forms  Chapter 9 and 11 of the Stage 2 Preliminary Environmental Information (Stage 2 PEI) of the Rhiannon Offshore Wind Farm, which is part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 

Analysis and modelling of underwater noise at various stages of the life-cycle of the developments were considered. For the underwater environment the source of noise relevant to construction and operational life were considered. A combination of bespoke software models and database information – gathered from monitoring at many previous wind farm constructions were used to produce these results. The results were presented using various metrics, capturing both the behavioural and the possible injurious nature of sounds. The results were also presented for the relevant range of fish and marine mammals. From a behavioural perspective each species has been considered separately since the noise will have a different impact on species due to the differing perceptions of noise caused by their differing hearing capabilities. Ranges and areas of influence were given without relationship to actual population distributions.

Underwater noise components for the four aspects of the lifecycle of the build: Baseline, pre-construction; Construction phase; and Operational phase were considered. The cumulative effects of noise in terms of how multiple potential sources of noise could be integrated in terms of their environmental impact were considered  where possible, as well as the cumulative effects of  the influence of nearby wind farms. Also decommissioning was considered briefly, although a further impact assessment will most likely be required nearer the time.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The approach to the assessment of noise for the Rhiannon Offshore Windfarm was to use models and computer simulation augmented, where possible, by measurements taken in situ. Details of the approaches were given in detail in subsequent chapters. Here it is sufficient to highlight that the validated models used are able to give two types of output:
•	The level of noise received at a point given a particular type of construction methodology;
•	The potential effect of this noise, whether it be behavioural or based on injury for specific species.
These calculations were then considered as a bridge to further assessment for the actual effect of noise on local animal distributions.
The discussion of  details of underwater noise and its measurement and descriptors in Appendix A,. was provided to aid in the assessment and understanding of the results provided in Section 4 of the report . please note that noise, sound and vibration was referred to as ‘noise’ throughout the report. And for the assessments to be made in this report, vibration did not have a long range effect (more than a few hundred metres). The detailed modelling of short range effect (up to one or two thousands of metres) of vibrations travelling through the substrate and affecting bottom dwelling animals, such as crustaceans, were not been considered in detail, primarily due to the paucity of information concerning the effect of vibration on benthic life</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:authority>
          <gmd:code>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://apps.epsg.org/api/v1/GeodeticCoordRefSystem/4326">WGS 84</gmx:Anchor>
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        </gmd:RS_Identifier>
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