c022f6d2-754b-46d0-a36a-4a1f1bcb4a91 English series series 2026-07-22T10:30:58 MEDIN 3.1.2 biota climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Bird counts SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-06-19 revision Bird behaviour SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-06-19 revision Hazards to navigation SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-06-19 revision Bird taxonomy-related abundance per unit area of surface SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-06-19 revision Radar backscatter SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-06-19 revision Research The Crown Estate Renewable Energy Development Phases 2012-05-15 revision Research and Development Activity The Crown Estate Renewable Energy Development Areas 2012-05-15 revision Species distribution GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-07-31 revision SeaVoX Vertical Co-ordinate Coverages 2020-05-21 revision inapplicable 2005-01-01T00:00:00 2005-12-31T23:59:59 -9.33312855790775 2.68743327033997 49.0399981037863 60.7672028638749 TCE-274 Marine Data Exchange 2005, QinetiQ & Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, COWRIE Research, Best practice guidance for the use of remote techniques for observing bird behaviour in relation to offshore wind farms Best practice guidance for the use of remote techniques for observing bird behaviour in relation to offshore wind farms 2007-01-01T00:00:00 creation 2021-05-17T13:34:00 publication English The series was carried out in 2005 to provide best practice guidance for monitoring bird behavior, migration, and collision risk at offshore wind farms across the UK and Europe. Utilizing extensive literature reviews, international expert consultation, workshops, and methodologies such as radar (various bands and configurations), infrared imaging (TADS), visual and acoustic observations, equipment calibration, and statistical modeling, the research evaluated the effectiveness, technical constraints, and regulatory aspects of remote sensing technologies in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Recommendations include standardizing monitoring protocols, investing in continued research and technology development, improving calibration and data analysis methods, fostering wider data sharing, involving regulatory oversight, and updating guidance as technologies evolve to ensure robust and reliable EIAs and effective risk mitigation for bird populations around offshore wind farms. Origin: BTO and DHI There will be no limitations when published on the Marine Data Exchange otherRestrictions Data Must be used in accordance to the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use: https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use otherRestrictions The Crown Estate +44 020 7851 5000 enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk custodian Ilya M.D Maclean and Mark M. Rehfisch British Trust for Ornithology +44 (0)1842 750050 ilya.maclean@bto.org originator The Crown Estate +44 020 7851 5000 enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk distributor COWRIE cowrie@offshorewind.co.uk owner notPlanned Documents https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-274/summary A link to the web service or dataset. https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk A link to the general host site. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08T00:00:00 publication Conformity with the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 was either not relevant to this dataset or not a requirement of the Marine Data Exchange for the creation and submission of this dataset; therefore, conformity has not been assessed and cannot be declared False series This study reviewed all potential applications of remote technologies, but specifically describes the ability of different radar systems to observe bird behaviour over the sea and the performance of the Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) in detecting avoidance of turbines by birds and collisions between birds and turbines. The study concluded that conventional marine ships’ navigation radar provides the simplest approach to the collection of data by tracking bird movements in two (horizontal) dimensions, throughout the day and night, to provide an overview of bird flight trajectories and hence movements within a proposed wind farm area. However, visual observations are essential to identify the species of birds involved. The report recommends the use of TADS to identify species and to measure flock size during poor visibility and during darkness. Vertically mounted radar can also provide information on the height of flying birds, although birds near the sea surface cannot be easily detected by such radar when the wind is strong enough to produce large wave reflections. ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd 02380711840 enquiries@abpmer.co.uk pointOfContact EPSG Geodetic Parameter Registry 2022-11-29 revision WGS 84