d4908b24-e0c4-4f33-8c9a-2b4e03ffddea English series series 2026-06-18T14:07:38 MEDIN 3.1.2 biota oceans Cetacean mortality SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-04-23 revision Acoustic noise in the water column SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-04-23 revision Cetacean behaviour SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-04-23 revision Fish abundance in water bodies SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-04-23 revision Fish behaviour SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-04-23 revision Bathymetry and Elevation SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2026-04-23 revision Consenting The Crown Estate Renewable Energy Development Phases 2012-05-15 revision Zone search area The Crown Estate Renewable Energy Development Areas 2012-05-15 revision Human health and safety GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-07-31 revision Species distribution GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-07-31 revision SeaDataNet sea areas 2012-11-07 revision Bristol Channel SeaVoX Vertical Co-ordinate Coverages 2020-05-21 revision water column 2010-01-01T00:00:00 2012-12-31T23:59:59 -5.3873 -2.9648 50.7529 51.7193 TCE-2628 Marine Data Exchange 2010-2012, National Physics Laboratory, Zone 8 - Atlantic Array, Underwater Noise Modelling Underwater Noise Modelling 2021-05-17T14:22:25 publication English An underwater noise study (including use of numerical modelling) has been undertaken by the National Physical Laboratory to estimate the likely underwater noise levels generated by the construction, operation and decommissioning of the Atlantic Array Offshore Wind Farm. The output of this study has informed the assessment of effects of subsea noise on sensitive marine receptors throughout the Environmental Statement (ES). A total of three foundation locations were modelled which were chosen based on bathymetry and location to bathymetric features to provide broad representation of propagation conditions across the Atlantic Array site. For the construction phase, the modelled source was based on the use of a jacket foundation with a pin-pile diameter of 3.5 m installed using a 2,100 kJ hammer, with a typical hammer blow energy at 1,400 kJ. The propagation model used was based on an energy flux approach which calculates the sound energy transmitted through the water column. Results are presented in terms of sound exposure level (SEL) and peak sound pressure level (peak SPL) received level output as a function of range away from each modelled pile location whilst accounting for seabed properties and varying bathymetry. The modelling indicates that there is considerable variation in noise propagation across the Atlantic Array site due to variations in bathymetry, with good sound propagation conditions on a westerly bearing from the site. It has been estimated that mortality of marine mammals or fish would be unlikely to occur except in very close proximity to the pile or in the case of prolonged noise exposure close to the pile. Whilst it is possible that fish larvae mortality would occur, there is indicative evidence that there will be no statistically significant effect on survival rates beyond 100 m from the pile assuming they drift with the tide. It was also estimated that instantaneous injury (auditory) of marine mammals would be unlikely to occur beyond 200 m from the pile during full piling and less than 50 m during the soft-start, although prolonged exposure to the noise (SEL dose) may increase the risk at larger ranges. Assuming that hammer blow energy of 1,400 kJ will typically be used across the Atlantic Array site with the potential to peak at 2,100 kJ, it has been estimated that pinnipeds may suffer temporary threshold shift (TTS) of hearing sensitivity and exhibit a fleeing response to the underwater noise from the foundation installation at ranges of 550 m to 850 km, respectively. For harbour porpoise around mid-water column (i.e. foraging etc), the possible avoidance area around the foundation was estimated to be 17.5 km to 29.0 km, for the maximum hammer blow energy of 2,100 kJ, depending location of the foundation within the site and the surrounding bathymetry. There will be no limitations when published on the Marine Data Exchange otherRestrictions Data Must be used in accordance to the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use: https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use otherRestrictions The Crown Estate +44 020 7851 5000 enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk custodian National Physics Laboratory https://www.npl.co.uk/contact originator The Crown Estate +44 020 7851 5000 enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk distributor RWE Renewables UK Swindon Limited support@rwe.com owner notPlanned Documents Image https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-2628/summary A link to the web service or dataset. https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk A link to the general host site. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08T00:00:00 publication Conformity with the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 was either not relevant to this dataset or not a requirement of the Marine Data Exchange for the creation and submission of this dataset; therefore, conformity has not been assessed and cannot be declared False series A thorough literature review was conducted to obtain and summarise the most relevant, up-to-date and internationally accepted impact criteria from peer reviewed literature in order to assess the impact on marine mammals and fish.The noise propagation modelling employed for this study has been undertaken by the National Physical Laboratory based on an energy flux solution by Weston (1976) which is capable of propagation over large distances whilst accounting for rangedependent bathymetry and frequency-dependent absorption. Nick Wood RWE Npower Renewables Limited nicholas.wood@rwe.com pointOfContact EPSG Geodetic Parameter Registry 2022-11-29 revision WGS 84