fefb8feb-7788-43c6-b131-1c8884699eed English series series 2026-02-13T13:55:28 MEDIN 3.1.2 biota Bird behaviour SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2023-12-12 revision Natural risk zones GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-07-31 revision Orthoimagery GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-07-31 revision SeaVoX Vertical Co-ordinate Coverages 2020-05-21 revision atmosphere 2025-06-24T23:00:00 2025-12-24T00:00:00 -7 2 49 56 TCE-4463 Marine Data Exchange 2025, North West Wildlife Trust, Marine Internships, Ornithological Nature Inclusive Design 2026-02-13T13:55:28 publication English The following report was produced as part of the Marine Futures Internship; a collaborative project between Natural England, Ørsted, The Crown Estate and the North West Wildlife Trusts, which is funded by The Crown Estate and managed by Cumbria Wildlife Trust. The expansion of offshore wind infrastructure has led to increasing interactions with marine ecosystems, including the establishment of black-legged kittiwake colonies on offshore wind structures. Notably, approximately 250 kittiwakes now nest on the Walney 1 and 2 offshore substations (OSSs) off the coast of Cumbria. Within a UK policy context shaped by the mitigation hierarchy, strategic compensation, and emerging marine net gain (MNG) requirements, this raises questions about how such colonies can be supported while meeting developers’ environmental obligations. This study explores the potential role of Ornithological Nature-Inclusive Design (ONID) in offshore wind, with a focus on its feasibility, policy alignment, and stakeholder acceptability. Semi-structured interviews with regulators, developers, statutory bodies, and NGOs reveal broad conceptual support for ONID, but limited willingness to adopt it as a form of strategic compensation. Key barriers include the lack of a clear, shared definition of NID, insufficient evidence of ecological effectiveness, concerns about increased collision risk, and challenges in quantification, cost, and decommissioning. Stakeholders largely view ONID as better suited to early-stage mitigation or delivery of marine net gain rather than compensation. The study concludes that, with a clear definition, targeted evidence-gathering, and appropriate incentives, ONID could become a valuable design best-practice tool to reduce impacts and support seabird populations, including kittiwakes at Walney, without undermining the mitigation hierarchy. The following report was produced as part of the Marine Futures Internship; a collaborative project between Natural England, Ørsted, The Crown Estate and the North West Wildlife Trusts, which is funded by The Crown Estate and managed by Cumbria Wildlife Trust. The Deliverables must be used in accordance with the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use otherRestrictions The Deliverables must be used in accordance with the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use otherRestrictions The Crown Estate +44 020 7851 5000 enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk custodian Cumbria Wildlife Trust BethC@cumbriawildlifetrust.org.uk originator The Crown Estate +44 020 7851 5000 enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk distributor Cumbria Wildlife Trust BethC@cumbriawildlifetrust.org.uk owner notPlanned Documents https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-4463/summary A link to the web service or dataset. https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk A link to the general host site. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08T00:00:00 publication False series Original data collected by Abi O'Leary and Alex Wright. Data sources were semi structured interviews where permission were granted prior to each interview. Each participant is anonymised. Collected between 20/09/25-20/10/25. Raw data was transformed by the authors summarising the seperate transcripts. The transcripts were approved by each participant before use. Cumbria Wildlife Trust BethC@cumbriawildlifetrust.org.uk pointOfContact EPSG Geodetic Parameter Registry 2022-11-29 revision WGS 84