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Metadata: Global surface warming response datasets in terms of ocean heat and carbon uptake using 1000 year model simulations (1861 - 2861)
Abstract:
This dataset contains derived annual mean globally-averaged variables from an existing global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Model and a novel atmosphere-ocean box model to understand surface warming response in terms of changes in global carbon inventories, empirical heat budget, and variation in time with carbon emissions. The source model outputs were generated by Thomas Froelicher in 2015 using a 1000-year simulation of the global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL ESM2M). A scenario was forced of a 1% annual rate increase in carbon dioxide from preindustrial levels until global mean surface air temperature increased by 2 degrees Celsius since the preindustrial, after this point emissions of carbon were set to zero and all other non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases were kept at preindustrial levels. Output parameters included: ocean temperature; salinity; dissolved inorganic carbon; ocean alkalinity; dissolved inorganic phosphate; surface air temperature; atmospheric carbon dioxide; cumulative carbon emission. Annual mean variables were then derived from these data. This was determined by calculated changes in: ocean carbon inventory; ocean carbon under saturation; saturated dissolved inorganic carbon; ocean dissolved inorganic carbon; radiative forcing from carbon dioxide; ocean heat uptake. Additionally the dependence of radiative forcing on carbon emissions, dependence of surface warming on radiative forcing and surface warming dependence on radiative forcing were determined. The box model consists of three homogeneous layers: a well-mixed atmosphere, an ocean mixed layer with 100-m thickness, and an ocean interior with 3,900-m thickness - all assumed to have the same horizontal area. The model solves for the heat and carbon exchange between these layers, including physical and chemical transfers, however ignoring biological transfers, and sediment and weathering interactions. The model is forced from an equilibrium by carbon emitted into the atmosphere with a constant rate of 20 PgC/year for 100 years and integrated for 1,000 years. Ocean ventilation is represented by the ocean interior taking up the heat and carbon properties of the mixed layer on an e-folding time scale of 200 years. These datasets were generated as part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Discovery Science project "Mechanistic controls of surface warming by ocean heat and carbon uptake" standard grant reference NE/N009789/1 lead by Principal Investigator - Professor Ric Williams, University of Liverpool and Co-Investigator - Dr Philip Goodwin, University of Southampton. Data are acrvhived at the British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Data holder:
British Oceanographic Data Centre
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 8420 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | Global surface warming response datasets in terms of ocean heat and carbon uptake using 1000 year model simulations (1861 - 2861) |
| Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | British Oceanographic Data Centre record 1048_1027149 |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | e9788e5d4a5b5b76aea6520b6a8d37a8 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | EDMED6712 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | dataset |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 1861-01-01 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2861-01-01 |
| Spatial resolution | This describes the spatial resolution of the dataset or the spatial limitations of the service. | inapplicable |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | asNeeded |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | This dataset contains derived annual mean globally-averaged variables from an existing global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Model and a novel atmosphere-ocean box model to understand surface warming response in terms of changes in global carbon inventories, empirical heat budget, and variation in time with carbon emissions. The source model outputs were generated by Thomas Froelicher in 2015 using a 1000-year simulation of the global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL ESM2M). A scenario was forced of a 1% annual rate increase in carbon dioxide from preindustrial levels until global mean surface air temperature increased by 2 degrees Celsius since the preindustrial, after this point emissions of carbon were set to zero and all other non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases were kept at preindustrial levels. Output parameters included: ocean temperature; salinity; dissolved inorganic carbon; ocean alkalinity; dissolved inorganic phosphate; surface air temperature; atmospheric carbon dioxide; cumulative carbon emission. Annual mean variables were then derived from these data. This was determined by calculated changes in: ocean carbon inventory; ocean carbon under saturation; saturated dissolved inorganic carbon; ocean dissolved inorganic carbon; radiative forcing from carbon dioxide; ocean heat uptake. Additionally the dependence of radiative forcing on carbon emissions, dependence of surface warming on radiative forcing and surface warming dependence on radiative forcing were determined. The box model consists of three homogeneous layers: a well-mixed atmosphere, an ocean mixed layer with 100-m thickness, and an ocean interior with 3,900-m thickness - all assumed to have the same horizontal area. The model solves for the heat and carbon exchange between these layers, including physical and chemical transfers, however ignoring biological transfers, and sediment and weathering interactions. The model is forced from an equilibrium by carbon emitted into the atmosphere with a constant rate of 20 PgC/year for 100 years and integrated for 1,000 years. Ocean ventilation is represented by the ocean interior taking up the heat and carbon properties of the mixed layer on an e-folding time scale of 200 years. These datasets were generated as part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Discovery Science project "Mechanistic controls of surface warming by ocean heat and carbon uptake" standard grant reference NE/N009789/1 lead by Principal Investigator - Professor Ric Williams, University of Liverpool and Co-Investigator - Dr Philip Goodwin, University of Southampton. Data are acrvhived at the British Oceanographic Data Centre. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | This dataset was created by the organisations with the "originator" role in this metadata record and provided to the British Oceanographic Data Centre for long term archive and management.Instrument(s) used to collect data: Coupled models. |
| Additional information | This describes relevant references to the data e.g. reports, articles, websites plus other useful information not captured elsewhere. | Publication year: 2015-07-10 Publication title: Extending the relationship between global warming and cumulative carbon emissions to multi-millennial timescales. Publication authors: Froelicher, T. L. and Paynter, D. J Publication editors: Environmental Research Letters Publication year: 2017-10-09 Publication title: Drivers of continued surface warming after cessation of carbon emissions. Publication authors: Williams, R. G., Roussenov, V., Froelicher, T. L. & Goodwin, P. Publication editors: Geophysical Research Letters Publication year: 2018-05-30 Publication title: Reconciling Atmospheric and Oceanic Views of the Transient Climate Response to Emissions. Publication authors: Katavouta A., R.G. Williams, P. Goodwin, and V. Roussenov Publication editors: Geophysical Research Letters |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) concentration in the water column |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Air temperature | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Dissolved total or organic phosphorus concentration in the water column | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Heat fluxes between the water column and the atmosphere | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Palaeoclimatic indicators and parameters | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Temperature of the water column | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Alkalinity, acidity and pH of the water column | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Gas fluxes between the water column and the atmosphere | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Atmospheric emissions | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | unknown | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Atmospheric conditions | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Geology | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Oceanographic geographical features | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine Environmental Data and Information Network | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Natural Environment Research Council Designated Data Centres | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 90 |
| East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 180 |
| South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -90 |
| West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -180 |
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
| Individual name | Polly HadÅžiabdic | |
| Position name | Head of the BODC Requests Team | |
| Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
| Postal code | L3 5DA | |
| City | Liverpool | |
| Administrative area | Merseyside | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| enquiries@bodc.ac.uk | ||
| URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
| Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
| Organisation name | University of Liverpool Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences | |
| Individual name | Unknown | |
| Position name | Unknown | |
| Phone | +44 (0)151 794 5146 | |
| Delivery point | Jane Herdman Building | |
| Postal code | L69 3GP | |
| City | Liverpool | |
| Administrative area | Merseyside | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| soesnorth@liverpool.ac.uk | ||
| URL | https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/earth-ocean-and-ecological-sciences/ | |
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | University of Liverpool Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences | |
| Individual name | Unknown | |
| Position name | Unknown | |
| Phone | +44 (0)151 794 5146 | |
| Delivery point | Jane Herdman Building | |
| Postal code | L69 3GP | |
| City | Liverpool | |
| Administrative area | Merseyside | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| soesnorth@liverpool.ac.uk | ||
| URL | https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/earth-ocean-and-ecological-sciences/ | |
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
| Position name | Director | |
| Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
| Postal code | L3 5DA | |
| City | Liverpool | |
| Administrative area | Merseyside | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| enquiries@bodc.ac.uk | ||
| URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
| Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
| Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
| Position name | Director | |
| Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
| Postal code | L3 5DA | |
| City | Liverpool | |
| Administrative area | Merseyside | |
| Country | United Kingdom | |
| enquiries@bodc.ac.uk | ||
| URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/about/contact_us/contact_details/ |
| Locator name | Name of the web resource | Enquiries contact details |
| Locator function | Code that describes the function of the resource. ISO function code chosen from ISO 19115-1 Codelist | offlineAccess |
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/5c390f2a-68c9-46f0-e053-6c86abc0233d/ |
| Locator name | Name of the web resource | Published dataset - doi:10.5285/5c390f2a-68c9-46f0-e053-6c86abc0233d |
| Locator function | Code that describes the function of the resource. ISO function code chosen from ISO 19115-1 Codelist | download |
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/60106614-ef32-43e2-e053-6c86abc04167/ |
| Locator name | Name of the web resource | Published dataset - doi:10.5285/60106614-ef32-43e2-e053-6c86abc04167 |
| Locator function | Code that describes the function of the resource. ISO function code chosen from ISO 19115-1 Codelist | download |
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/8af71b83-ff3f-59f0-e053-6c86abc020a1/ |
| Locator name | Name of the web resource | Published dataset - doi:10.5285/8af71b83-ff3f-59f0-e053-6c86abc020a1 |
| Locator function | Code that describes the function of the resource. ISO function code chosen from ISO 19115-1 Codelist | download |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | No limitations apply | |
| This states any limitations on access to the data. Multiple occurences are allowed here. One entry shall be from the INSPIRE Metadata registry and the other free text should be part of the resource `Have specific limitations`. | Data are freely available to all following agreement to the terms and conditions of a Data Licence | |
| 21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | Usage restrictions are specified in the terms of the licence |
| Available data formats | ||
| Data format | Format in which digital data can be provided for transfer | Binary |
| Format in which digital data can be provided for transfer | Delimited | |
| Format in which digital data can be provided for transfer | Network Common Data Form | |
| Format in which digital data can be provided for transfer | Ocean Data View | |
| Format in which digital data can be provided for transfer | Text or Plaintext | |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2018-05-18 |
| Date of last revision | The most recent date that the resource was revised. | 2024-11-21 |
| Date of creation | The date that the resource was created. | 2023-12-06 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-04-19 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2025-06-09 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.2 |