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Metadata: 2005, QinetiQ & Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, COWRIE Research, Best practice guidance for the use of remote techniques for observing bird behaviour in relation to offshore wind farms
Abstract:
The series was carried out in 2005 to provide best practice guidance for monitoring bird behavior, migration, and collision risk at offshore wind farms across the UK and Europe. Utilizing extensive literature reviews, international expert consultation, workshops, and methodologies such as radar (various bands and configurations), infrared imaging (TADS), visual and acoustic observations, equipment calibration, and statistical modeling, the research evaluated the effectiveness, technical constraints, and regulatory aspects of remote sensing technologies in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Recommendations include standardizing monitoring protocols, investing in continued research and technology development, improving calibration and data analysis methods, fostering wider data sharing, involving regulatory oversight, and updating guidance as technologies evolve to ensure robust and reliable EIAs and effective risk mitigation for bird populations around offshore wind farms.
Data holder:
The Crown Estate
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 19411 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | 2005, QinetiQ & Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, COWRIE Research, Best practice guidance for the use of remote techniques for observing bird behaviour in relation to offshore wind farms |
| Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | Best practice guidance for the use of remote techniques for observing bird behaviour in relation to offshore wind farms |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | c022f6d2-754b-46d0-a36a-4a1f1bcb4a91 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | TCE-274 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | series |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2005-01-01 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2005-12-31 |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | notPlanned |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | The series was carried out in 2005 to provide best practice guidance for monitoring bird behavior, migration, and collision risk at offshore wind farms across the UK and Europe. Utilizing extensive literature reviews, international expert consultation, workshops, and methodologies such as radar (various bands and configurations), infrared imaging (TADS), visual and acoustic observations, equipment calibration, and statistical modeling, the research evaluated the effectiveness, technical constraints, and regulatory aspects of remote sensing technologies in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Recommendations include standardizing monitoring protocols, investing in continued research and technology development, improving calibration and data analysis methods, fostering wider data sharing, involving regulatory oversight, and updating guidance as technologies evolve to ensure robust and reliable EIAs and effective risk mitigation for bird populations around offshore wind farms. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | This study reviewed all potential applications of remote technologies, but specifically describes the ability of different radar systems to observe bird behaviour over the sea and the performance of the Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) in detecting avoidance of turbines by birds and collisions between birds and turbines. The study concluded that conventional marine ships’ navigation radar provides the simplest approach to the collection of data by tracking bird movements in two (horizontal) dimensions, throughout the day and night, to provide an overview of bird flight trajectories and hence movements within a proposed wind farm area. However, visual observations are essential to identify the species of birds involved. The report recommends the use of TADS to identify species and to measure flock size during poor visibility and during darkness. Vertically mounted radar can also provide information on the height of flying birds, although birds near the sea surface cannot be easily detected by such radar when the wind is strong enough to produce large wave reflections. |
| Additional information | This describes relevant references to the data e.g. reports, articles, websites plus other useful information not captured elsewhere. | Origin: BTO and DHI |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird counts |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Hazards to navigation | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird taxonomy-related abundance per unit area of surface | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Radar backscatter | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Research and Development Activity | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Species distribution | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 60.767202863875 |
| East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 2.68743327034 |
| South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 49.039998103786 |
| West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -9.3331285579078 |
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd | |
| Phone | 02380711840 | |
| enquiries@abpmer.co.uk | ||
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | British Trust for Ornithology | |
| Individual name | Ilya M.D Maclean and Mark M. Rehfisch | |
| Phone | +44 (0)1842 750050 | |
| ilya.maclean@bto.org | ||
| Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
| Organisation name | COWRIE | |
| cowrie@offshorewind.co.uk | ||
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-274/summary |
| Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk | |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | There will be no limitations when published on the Marine Data Exchange | |
| 21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | Data Must be used in accordance to the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use: https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2021-05-17 |
| Date of creation | The date that the resource was created. | 2007-01-01 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-09-27 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2026-07-22 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.2 |