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Metadata: 2009, Centrica Energy, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm, Population Viability Analysis of the North Norfolk Sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis) Population
Abstract:
This series of studies, commissioned by Natural England and Centrica Energy and conducted between September 2008 and April 2009, aimed to assess the potential impacts of offshore wind farms at Docking Shoal, Race Bank, and Sheringham Shoal on the viability of the North Norfolk Sandwich tern population, which is of high conservation value. The key findings indicate that while the tern population has historically been resilient, collision risks from wind farms—especially if tern avoidance rates fall below 99% and multiple farms operate concurrently—could cause significant and sustained population declines, with projected losses up to 52% over 25 years at 95% avoidance. The studies recommend sustained monitoring, adoption of individual-based modeling in future assessments, ongoing refinement of demographic parameters, management strategies to maintain high tern avoidance rates and reproductive success, and careful wind farm siting to preserve the long-term viability of the Sandwich tern population, with final mitigation measures to be guided by Natural England.
Data holder:
The Crown Estate
| Other details | ||
| Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 29901 |
| Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | 2009, Centrica Energy, Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm, Population Viability Analysis of the North Norfolk Sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis) Population |
| Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | Sandwich tern Population Analysis |
| File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | c76aa25a-d431-42c3-883b-0f25b4d09ef2 |
| Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | TCE-1801 |
| Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | series |
| Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2008-09-29 |
| End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2009-04-29 |
| Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | notPlanned |
| Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | This series of studies, commissioned by Natural England and Centrica Energy and conducted between September 2008 and April 2009, aimed to assess the potential impacts of offshore wind farms at Docking Shoal, Race Bank, and Sheringham Shoal on the viability of the North Norfolk Sandwich tern population, which is of high conservation value. The key findings indicate that while the tern population has historically been resilient, collision risks from wind farms—especially if tern avoidance rates fall below 99% and multiple farms operate concurrently—could cause significant and sustained population declines, with projected losses up to 52% over 25 years at 95% avoidance. The studies recommend sustained monitoring, adoption of individual-based modeling in future assessments, ongoing refinement of demographic parameters, management strategies to maintain high tern avoidance rates and reproductive success, and careful wind farm siting to preserve the long-term viability of the Sandwich tern population, with final mitigation measures to be guided by Natural England. |
| Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | Using methodologies that included analysis of historical breeding data, ring recovery records, literature review, boat-based and foraging surveys, and individual-based Population Viability Analysis (ViaPop) models, the studies examined a range of scenarios incorporating variable demographic parameters, collision risks, and catastrophic events, and modelled outcomes over a 25-year period. |
| Related keywords | ||
| Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird counts |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bird behaviour | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Consenting | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Agreement for Lease Area | |
| General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Species distribution | |
| Geographical coverage | ||
| North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 53.3347 |
| East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 0.8394 |
| South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 53.23207 |
| West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 0.7381 |
| Responsible organisations | ||
| Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| mde@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
| Organisation name | Centrica Energy | |
| Phone | +44 (0)1753 494 000 | |
| renewables@centrica.com | ||
| Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
| Organisation name | The Crown Estate | |
| Phone | +44 020 7851 5000 | |
| enquiries@thecrownestate.co.uk | ||
| Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
| Organisation name | Orsted | |
| info@orsted.com | ||
| Resource locators | ||
| Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/details/TCE-1801/summary |
| Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk | |
| Dataset constraints | ||
| 20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | There will be no limitations when published on the Marine Data Exchange | |
| 21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
| 21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | Data Must be used in accordance to the Marine Data Exchange's Terms of Use: https://www.marinedataexchange.co.uk/content/info/terms-of-use |
| Version info | ||
| Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2021-05-17 |
| Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2026-08-19 |
| Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2026-08-13 |
| Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
| Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.2 |